| Style
or Period/Element |
Definition
|
Visual |
Richmond
example |
| |
|
|
|
| Colonial
before 1776 |
 |
| gable
roofs, rectangular windows |
|
St.
John's Church, Old Stone House (Poe Museum) |
|
|
| •
gable roof |
A
roof with two slopes that meet at a ridge and form a triangle |
|
|
|
|
| Federal
1776 - 1830’s |
|
| Flemish
bond brickwork, flat or jack arches over openings, classic
detail in cornices and porches, delicate details, moldings,
and pediments |
|
John
Marshall House, Mason's Hall, Woodward House, Adam Craig House,
Adams Double House, Caskie House, Crozet House |
|
|
| •
Flemish bond |
alternating
headers and stretchers; each header centered over the stretcher
below |
|
|
|
|
| •
flat or jack arch |
arch
with horizontal intrado or archivolt |
|
|
|
|
| •
intrado or archivolt |
the
inner curve on an arch |
|
|
|
|
| •
pediment |
at
gable end of roof; triangular in shape; located over portico
and above cornice |
|
|
|
|
| •
portico |
colonnade
supporting a roof distinguished by columns |
|
|
|
|
| Neo-classical
1810 - 1830 |
|
| use
of stucco, parapets on roofs, new versions of classical orders,
shaped rooms, fanlights |
|
Monumental
Church, Wickham House, White House of the Confederacy, Carrington
Row |
|
|
| •
parapet |
vertical
extension of exterior wall above the line of the roof |
|
|
|
|
| •
order |
any
of five patterns of arrangement consisting of base, shaft,
capital of column and entablature above |
|
|
|
|
•
entab-
lature |
horizontal
member composed of architrave, frieze and cornice; carried
by columns or pilasters |
|
|
|
|
| •
cornice |
uppermost
division of entablature; or a horizontal ornamental molding
at top of building, window or door |
(see
"Entablature" above) |
|
|
|
| •
frieze |
member
of entablature located between architrave and cornice; plain
or ornamented, or a band near the top of a wall with ornament |
(see
"Entablature" above) |
|
|
|
| •
architrave |
lowest
member of entablature; the beam that spans from column to
column; or ornamental molding around a window or door |
(see
"Entablature" above) |
|
|
|
| •
triglyph |
the
blocks alternating with metopes in the Doric frieze |
|
|
|
|
| •
metope |
plain
or carved square panels between triglyphs in the Doric frieze |
|
|
|
|
| •
volute |
spiral
scroll of the Ionic capital |
|
|
|
|
| •
pilaster |
a
member appearing to be an engaged pier but providing no
support |
|
|
|
|
| •
engaged |
attached
to wall, as in a column |
|
|
|
|
| Greek
Revival 1835 - 1860 |
|
| Greek
orders, low roofs, simple flat moldings, rectangular windows
and doors, American bond brickwork |
|
Townhouses:
Church Hill and Jackson Ward, second building of First Baptist
Church, Linden Row, St. Paul's Church, portico of Mayo Memorial
House |
|
|
| •
American bond |
five
or six stretcher courses to one header course; also called
common bond |
|
|
|
|
| Italianate
1850 - 1900 |
|
| details
taken from Renaissance buildings rather than classical; large
bracketed cornices; windows with decorative heads |
|
Custom
House/ US Courts Building, Bolling Haxall House, Morson's
Row, Chesterman Place, Buildings in Shockoe Sliop, Exchange
Place, The Ironfronts, buildings in the Broad Street Historic
District |
|
|
| Gothic
Revival 1840 - present |
|
| pointed
arches, buttresses, high roofs, crenellation |
|
2nd
Presbyterian Church, St. Patrick's Church, Bethel AME Zion
Church, Sharon Baptist Church, Centenary Methodist Church,
Confederate Memorial Chapel, Old City Hall, Union Theological
Seminary, University of Richmond |
|
|
| •
crenellation |
alternating
open and solid parts, similar to the top of a castle |
|
|
|
|
| •
buttress |
a
structure projecting from a wall and counteracting the thrust
of an arch, vault, or roof |
|
|
|
|
| •
lancet arch |
an
acute pointed arch whose centers are farther apart than
the width of the arch |
|
|
|
|
| •
casement window |
a
hinged window that swings open to one side |
|
|
|
|
| •
trefoil, quatrefoil |
a
member composed of three or four foils and cusps, accordingly |
|
|
|
|
| Egyptian
Revival 1840's-1880's |
|
| "battered"
walls, cove cornices, Egyptian elements |
|
MCV
Egyptian building, Monument at Monumental Church, many monuments
at Hollywood cemetery |
|
|
| Romanesque
Revival 1860-1920 |
|
| round-headed
arches for windows and doors, details taken from Romanesque
buildings rather than Gothic ones, HH Richardson architectural
influence |
|
AD
Williams House (VCU), brownstone townhouses, Old Planters
Bank Building, Ginter House (VCU), buildings at Virginia Union
University, Maymont |
|
|
| Second
Empire 1870-1900 |
|
| mansard
roof, elaborate dormers, Italianate or Neo-classical details,
cresting |
|
Ida
Schoolcraft House, Davis House, Winston House |
|
|
| Queen
Anne-Eastlake 1880-1910 |
|
| elaborate
cornices and porches, assymetrical massing, use of varied
materials and roof forms |
|
Many
Fan District town-houses, Mann-Netherwood block in Church
Hill, T. Seddon Bruce House, Hollywood Cemetery Superintendent's
House |
|
|
| Beaux
Arts and Neo-classical Revival 1880's-1940 |
|
| details
and inspiration drawn from the whole gamut of Ancient, Renaissance,
and 18th century classical architecture including all European
as well as Mediterranean precedents; "wedding cake"
inspiration |
|
Jefferson
Hotel, Science Museum, Lee Monument, General Assembly Office,
Kent-Valentine House, Scott-Bocock House, Beth Ahabah, Virginia
Trust Co., Main St. Station, Mayo Carter House, Byrd Theater |
|
|
| Georgian
Revival (Colonial Revival) 1890-present |
|
| Brickwork
in imitation of 18th and early 19th century work, dormers,
Palladian windows, fanlights, buildings inspired by specific
historical examples, Williamsburg-inspired buildings |
|
Many
Monument Ave. and Ginter Park houses, most of Windsor Farms,
Virginia Museum (original part), St. James Church |
|
|
| •
dormer |
a
window built into a sloping roof with a roof of its own,
in a variety of shapes |
|
|
|
|
| •
Palladian window |
a
large window arrangement divided into three parts by columns,
pilasters, etc., with flat lintels at the sides flanking
a taller arched central lintel |
|
|
|
|
| •
fanlight |
a
window, usually semicircular located above the door or window,
often with mullions radiating like a fan |
|
|
|
|
| •
lintel |
a
horizontal member located above a door or window opening
to carry the weight of the wall above |
|
|
|
|
| •
mullion |
the
vertical member that divides multiple windows or doors in
a single opening, or the lights of a window, or the panels
of a door |
|
|
|
|
| •
transom |
hinged
window above a door or larger window and separated by a
transom bar |
|
|
|
|
| •
hipped roof |
all
four sides slope upward |
|
|
|
|
| •
quoin |
a
series of large and small masonry units that form the corner
of a building |
|
|
|
|
| •
mansard roof |
two
slopes on all four sides, the lower slope steeper and longer
than the upper slope |
|
|
|
|
| •
cresting |
a
series of crests at the top of a structure, especially on
the ridge of a roof |
|
|
|
|
| •
modillion |
a
version of a bracket, often taking the form of a scroll
decorated with an acanthus leaf |
|
|
|
|
| •
dentil |
a
series of small, square blocks forming a molding used in
cornices |
(see
"Modillion" above) |
|
|
|
| Moderne
and Art Deco 1920-1950 |
|
| Streamlined
arrangement of openings and details that are continuously
'modern'. In Deco buildings, the ornamentation includes handsome
grills, leaded glass, dramatic light features and effects
and low-relief stylized carving. Modern buildings have functionalism
as a design motif--rows of windows, flat unadorned roof. |
|
Central
Fidelity Bank, 100-400 block of E. Grace, Thomas Jefferson
High School, VDOT headquarters, Old VA State Library, Miller
and Rhoads, interior of original section of Richmond Public
Library |
